Know-How Turbo Engines Work in Modern Cars and the Benefits Provided
Know-How Turbo Engines Work in Modern Cars and the Benefits Provided by AutoMoto651. Turbo technology was not originally for cars. At that time, there was an attempt to solve the problem of losing energy. Or familiar with the term stall on conventional aircraft engines. And this application proved capable of carrying out its mission in the early 1900s. The success of this air propulsion device led aviation manufacturers to equip World War II combat aircraft with turbochargers. Flying faster is also efficient. Then the turbo was also applied in the marine and rail engine industry in the 1920s.
This method is widely recognized as being able to compact engine performance without sacrificing gasoline consumption and exhaust emissions. Technically, the engine power can increase if the capacity of the combustion chamber is increased but still carries the risk of increasing fuel intake. Thanks to the application of forced induction technology on the turbo, even with a small capacity. He is claimed to be able to produce performance equivalent to a normally aspirated (NA) engine with a larger cubication. The constant is about 1.5 times.
In the early days of discovery, the turbo was still jumbo. And it is installed in large machines such as aeroplanes. At that time, the turbo dimension was considered impractical to use the car's pacemaker. However, as technology develops. The form of the device eventually evolved to be more compact. As a result, it can be installed in a car engine and even become an idol to improve performance instantly and drastically.
How Turbo Works in Cars
To note, the working principle of turbocharging is by utilizing the hot air flow from engine exhaust gases. The goal is to increase the pressure and density of air in the combustion chamber. The way it works, the exhaust gas from the engine is not directed to the exhaust. But to the turbo device first. Inside there is a turbine that rotates the shaft on the turbo.
Next, the compressor is in one shaft with a turbine. Can utilize the mechanical energy generated to suck or compress more air from outside into the engine combustion chamber. As an illustration, a regular power booster without a turbo only relies on the vacuum in the engine room to draw air in. So it is not as dense as the air driven by the turbo.
Then the resulting rotation in the turbo can reach 150 thousand rpm. The numbers are up to 30 times faster than the average car engine speed. But usually, the new turbocharger starts working when the engine is rotating at a certain rpm because the new turbine rotates when the exhaust gas has enough pressure—the faster the rpm rotation, the stronger the thrust of exhaust gas into the turbine. The stronger the turbine movement, also forces the compressor rotation to increase as well. In this condition, the air entering the combustion chamber is denser, rich in oxygen, and high.
That way, the fuel and air mixture in the combustion chamber can have high explosive power. Namely, when the spark plug ignites a fire to burn a mix of the two. As a result, the
power and torque supplied in one internal combustion engine cycle increase significantly. Because, the thrust of the piston increases due to the intense explosion in the combustion chamber. So what are the benefits when applied to modern cars?
Turbo Engine Benefits
So, the bigger the kitchen runway, the higher the fuel requirement. The large engine structure also adds to the engine room area and vehicle weight. This makes the car design challenge more compact and aerodynamic, especially for urban cars that need high functionality. More and more engine components are involved. So that it wastes more energy, to move it. The use of a turbo minimizes the above constraints. A small volume mechanical heart equipped with a turbocharged device can give off even more power. This is in context when compared to non-turbo boosters, even though the engine capacity is the same, if not greater.
Take, for example, the mechanical runway of the Toyota Raize 1,000 cc three-cylinder. Thanks to turbo induction, it is capable of producing power up to 98 PS at 6,000 rpm. Then the peak torque is 140 nm in the range of 2,400 rpm - 4,000 rpm. Generally, without the help of a turbo, the engine with a capacity of 1 litre (Toyota Agya) is only capable of producing around 65 PS of power at 6,000 rpm and 88 Nm of torque from 3,600 rpm. Power shocks and pamcu turbo torsion moments are superior to 50 per cent of naturally aspirated. In fact, according to the manufacturer, torque can be obtained from the lower and constant engine speed to high speed. So it's no wonder that many compact SUVs embed this air booster technology.
Now, thanks to the turbo boost, this engine is even more, superior to the Toyota Calya's 1,200 cc engine. But, you see, the power is only 88 PS and 107 Nm of torque. Another interesting fact, it turns out that Raize's 140 Nm of torque is equivalent to the torsion moment of a naturally aspirated (NA) 1,500 cc engine. Obviously, the comparative advantage is very tempting for a modern car.
Save on fuel
According to Toyota, a turbo-powered engine can improve fuel efficiency because the combustion in the machine is more perfect. The large explosive power also makes the engine does not need a lot of fuel to generate power. Because the compression ratio of the power boost increases is dramatically. Includes oxygen-rich compressed air. In addition, the moving components in the turbo rely solely on gusts of air from the exhaust gases. So it doesn't overload the machine.
Compare if you only rely on increasing engine capacity. Either by adding to the number of total of the cylinder. The power to move the components also comes from engine power, thus creating the term high lost mechanical. This leads to increased consumption of gasoline. It is also added to the increase in weight from the embedding of engine components. Turbocharge can provide efficient use of fuel. The diesel engine is up to 40 per cent, while in the gasoline engine it reaches 20 per cent. However, the level of fuel efficiency of each car also depends on the way you drive. This includes road conditions and the quality of the fuel used.
The additive turbo is also said to reduce engine noise. When driving on the road, the sound of turbo-engined vehicles sounds smoother and quieter. Because this device also acts as an additional damper. Exhaust gas is diverted to the turbo and not directly directed to the exhaust. Be able to lower the sound under the hood. Precisely what is now heard is the turbo whir when rotating at high rpm. Some say, give a racing effect.
Then when it comes to performance and gasoline needs. The compact 1,500 cc engine is a great choice for urban traffic and occasional weekend recreation. No wonder Toyota relies on this type of engine in various car models in Indonesia. Take for example Yaris, Sienta, Vios, Rush and Avanza-Veloz 1.5. With turbo technology, manufacturers can offer products with smaller engine capacities such as 1,000 cc. But the ability is equivalent to a 1,500 cc engine. As well as providing added value in the form of economical fuel consumption.
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In order to know more about the turbocharger. It consists of two main parts. Namely turbines and light compressors. Doesn't take up much space in the engine room. As a result, the total engine size can be made more compact, compact and light. This condition provides an advantage for designers to create a stylish, compact vehicle. Suitable for use in urban areas without sacrificing engine performance, in addition, of course, the engine weight is not heavy.
Low emissions are created thanks to the addition of the turbo, in addition to creating fuel efficiency. It has a positive effect on reducing the remaining exhaust gases by the combustion process in the complete combustion chamber. Not surprisingly, the trend of cars with turbo engines is increasing from time to time. Then the turbo application on the Toyota engine. One of the turbo-engined products in Indonesia is the Fortuner diesel, since the first generation of 2007.
Turbo Diesel
Fortuner uses a 2KD-FTV 2.500 cc D4-D diesel heart with 102 PS and 265 Nm of torque. He received a positive response because of the fantastic engine performance, surpassing Fortuner gasoline sales as the consumer's top choice until now. Technology continues until now using VNTurbo (Variable Nozzle Turbocharge). The car provided 145 PS at 3,400 rpm and 344 Nm of torque from 1,600 rpm to 2,400 rpm in 2012.
VNTurbo is the nickname for the variable turbo technology created by Toyota. He is getting smarter, can rotate according to the situation, conditions and machine needs. Thus minimizing the potential for turbo lag. That is the condition when the turbo rotation is not strong enough to compress air into the combustion chamber. So the engine power and torque have not increased drastically. This is what makes the traditional turbo engine feel lacklustre at lower speeds.
VNTurbo technology reduces this risk and increases the density of air compressed into the engine cylinder. Unlike the standard turbo, the turbine housing is equipped with blades that can be adjusted at the opening angle, depending on the load and engine speed. At low rpm, the exhaust gas pressure is still weak, and it is not yet effective in turning the turbine. The blades are closed, so that exhaust gases flow in a narrow area. Automatically increases the pressure so that it immediately spins the turbine without waiting for the engine speed to go up first.
As a result, the delay in turbo power at low speed (turbo lag) can be reduced. Then the engine can throw out constant torque from as low as idle. Changes in turbine fin angle are regulated by the Engine Control Unit (ECU). It's all based on performance plus engine requirements. The higher the engine speed, the larger the opening angle to avoid excessive pressure. Because it can damage the turbo device and maintain service life or durability.
Therefore, the new engine 2GD-FTV 2,400 cc 4-cylinder with VNTurbo Intercooler variable turbo technology produces 149 PS of power at 3,400 rpm. Then 408 Nm of torque at 1,600-2,000 rpm is used by the 2nd generation Fortuner, which started paving in 2019. Now, further refinements will take place in 2020. Furthermore, this diesel engine gets the touch of using a cooling water system in the turbo compressor house. Its function is to lower the temperature of the air to be pressed into the combustion chamber. So that the air pressure increases, that's a flashback about the hitori turbo and the various benefits in today's cars.
Know-How Turbo Engines Work in Modern Cars and the Benefits Provided by AutoMoto651.